Since weight-loss drugs targeting the GLP-1 hormone have gained popularity, additional benefits have been observed. Beyond weight loss, they’ve also shown promise in treating alcohol addiction, a fact acknowledged by the FDA through updated drug labels.
A new study published February 12th in JAMA Psychiatry demonstrates the effectiveness of semaglutide (Ozempic or Wegovy) in reducing alcohol cravings and consumption among individuals with alcohol addiction.
The trial included 48 participants with alcohol use disorder, defined as consuming over 14 drinks per week for men (or 7 for women) with at least two heavy drinking days. No participants received concurrent alcohol treatment, and most were overweight or obese.
Researchers compared weekly semaglutide injections to a placebo, monitoring alcohol consumption over 2.5 months. Participants visited a lab simulating a living room, where they could drink freely for two hours. Alcohol intake was measured at the study’s start and conclusion, with weekly check-ins for injections and consumption tracking.
While the frequency of drinking days didn’t differ between groups, semaglutide users consumed less alcohol overall, according to lead researcher Christian Hendershot. This suggests a reduction in alcohol’s rewarding effects, mirroring the reduced food cravings seen in weight-loss users. The effect is comparable to appetite reduction from semaglutide for weight management.
Hendershot noted the semaglutide’s impact was larger than anticipated. These drugs influence the GLP-1 hormone, impacting the brain’s reward and satiety centers. Prior animal studies suggested potential addiction reduction, supported by anecdotal reports from those using semaglutide for diabetes or weight loss.
The observed reduction in cravings and consumption was comparable to existing alcohol use disorder treatments, although those treatments face challenges due to stigma and lack of awareness.
GLP-1 medications may offer an advantage due to their widespread familiarity. However, Hendershot cautions against off-label use, recommending FDA-approved treatments instead, pending further, larger-scale trials.
Further research is needed to determine optimal dosages and explore the potential of medications targeting multiple hormones, like tirzepatide (Mounjaro and Zepbound), for enhanced results. Hendershot’s team is actively pursuing these questions.
Current data, encompassing animal and preliminary human studies, consistently indicates GLP-1’s impact on alcohol use disorder. Larger clinical trials are needed to solidify these findings.
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