In his 1989 book, *The Great Good Place*, sociologist Ray Oldenburg introduced the concept of “third places”—informal gathering spots outside of home and work. These spaces, prevalent throughout history, from ancient Greek agoras to modern coffee shops, foster vibrant cultures and cohesive communities. However, Oldenburg warned of their decline in the American social landscape.
His concerns were justified. The significance of coffee shops, bars, libraries, and community centers has diminished as work and family responsibilities dominate American life. The 2021 Census Bureau’s Time Use Survey revealed a pre-pandemic shift in lifestyles, and subsequent isolation has worsened. In 2024, a startling 17% of Americans reported significant loneliness, a sharp increase from 1% in 1990.
Observing the impact of this social and civic decline, I’ve witnessed consequences beyond mere statistics. Americans experience higher rates of loneliness than their peers in other developed nations, with less financial security and stability. The rising cost of living limits leisure time, pushing socialization online. While offering entertainment, this digital shift allows work to encroach on personal time and fosters increased loneliness among young adults.
The online shift has reduced the number of third places providing opportunities for casual interactions. Co-working spaces, marketed as community hubs, often resemble self-selected offices focused on networking. Quick-service restaurants have transitioned from affordable social spaces to primarily takeout establishments with limited seating. While online communities exist, technology has contributed to the loneliness epidemic highlighted by U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy. Digital interactions cannot replace in-person connection.
This social isolation negatively impacts both individuals and democracy. Harvard researchers Jacob R. Brown and Ryan D. Enos analyzed voter registration data and found increased geographic polarization, with voters living primarily among like-minded individuals. This partisan isolation, surpassing racial and ethnic segregation, contributes to political extremism and reduced compromise among elected officials.
While not all societal problems stem from the decline of third places, their importance in combating stress, isolation, and political division is undeniable. Studies show that in-person interactions improve mental and physical well-being, fostering social support and resilience. In this era of civic disengagement, shared experiences are invaluable.
Given the decline of traditional third places, we need to create “third lives.” This involves dedicating time to volunteering, pursuing new interests, engaging in conversations with new people, and establishing regular social activities, creating space free from obligations or the pressure to be productive.
As we approach a new year, instead of focusing solely on work and fitness goals, prioritizing a third life—one with dedicated time for connection and leisure—is crucial for 2025.
Finding time and space for leisure and resisting productivity demands isn’t merely desirable; it’s essential.